Providing an innovative conceptualization to extremist political movements founded upon world-historic populations and vanguard party organizations Vanguardism sets out a new path in investigating the intellectual and historical influences that created extremist politics the totalitarian movements and regimes of the twentieth century and a framework for interpreting extremism in the present. Expanding its view across the turbulent intellectual currents of the nineteenth century Philip W. Gray illustrates how these ideas shaped the shared ideational and organizational structures that would develop into Leninism Fascism and Nazism in the early twentieth century. Moving beyond the Second World War the book explicates how vanguardism did not vanish with the warâs conclusion but was modified throughout the period of national liberation movements and Western extremist groups over the ensuing decades. Concluding in the present with an eye to the future Gray presents a framework for comprehending the extremist movement of today and how organizational shifts can give us clues to the forms of totalitarian politics of tomorrow. Original and provocative Vanguardism will become essential reading for everyone looking to understand totalitarianism and extremist politics of our time. | Vanguardism Ideology and Organization in Totalitarian Politics
Providing an innovative conceptualization to extremist political movements founded upon world-historic populations and vanguard party organizations Vanguardism sets out a new path in investigating the intellectual and historical influences that created extremist politics the totalitarian movements and regimes of the twentieth century and a framework for interpreting extremism in the present. Expanding its view across the turbulent intellectual currents of the nineteenth century Philip W. Gray illustrates how these ideas shaped the shared ideational and organizational structures that would develop into Leninism Fascism and Nazism in the early twentieth century. Moving beyond the Second World War the book explicates how vanguardism did not vanish with the warâs conclusion but was modified throughout the period of national liberation movements and Western extremist groups over the ensuing decades. Concluding in the present with an eye to the future Gray presents a framework for comprehending the extremist movement of today and how organizational shifts can give us clues to the forms of totalitarian politics of tomorrow. Original and provocative Vanguardism will become essential reading for everyone looking to understand totalitarianism and extremist politics of our time. | Vanguardism Ideology and Organization in Totalitarian Politics
Sellers offer a range of delivery options, so you can choose the one thatâs most convenient for you. Many sellers offer free delivery. You can always find the postage cost and estimated delivery date in a sellerâs listing. You'll then be able to see a full list of delivery options during checkout. These can include: Express delivery, Standard delivery, Economy delivery, Click & Collect, Free local collection from seller.
Your options for returning an item vary depending on what you want to return, why you want to return it, and the seller's return policy. If the item is damaged or doesn't match the listing description, you can return it even if the seller's returns policy says they don't accept returns. If you've changed your mind and no longer want an item, you can still request a return, but the seller doesn't have to accept it. If the buyer changes their mind about a purchase and wants to return an item, they may need to pay return postage costs, depending on the seller's return policy. Sellers can provide a return postage address and additional return postage information for the buyer. Sellers pay for return postage if there's a problem with the item. For example, if the item doesn't match the listing description, is damaged or defective or is counterfeit. By law, customers in the European Union also have the right to cancel the purchase of an item within 14 days beginning from the day you receive, or a third party indicated by you (other than the carrier) receives, the last good ordered by you (if delivered separately). This applies to all products except for digital items (e.g. Digital Music) that are provided immediately to you with your acknowledgement, and other items such as video, DVD, audio, video games, Sex and Sensuality products and software products where the item has been unsealed.
Sellers have to offer a refund for certain items only if they are faulty, such as: Personalised items and custom-made items, Perishable items, Newspapers and magazines, Unwrapped CDs DVDs and computer software. If you used your PayPal balance or bank account to fund the original payment, the refunded money will go back to your PayPal account balance. If you used a credit or debit card to fund the original payment, the refunded money will go back to your card. The seller will effect the refund within three working days but it may take up to 30 days for Paypal to process the transfer. For payments funded partially by a card and partially by your balance/bank, the money taken from your card will go back to your card and the remainder will return to your PayPal balance.