While there is talk of the Fourth Industrial Revolution old and new challenges bedevil the world – climate change nutrition and health poverty being at the top of the list. In seeking solutions to these and other problems which afflict the modern era it is worthwhile to look into our collective past to the traditions and knowledges of our ancestors. Such knowledge continues to exist in many parts of the world though now marginalized by homogenous Eurocentric ontolology and epistemology. This book presents a compilation of reviews case studies and primary research attempting to locate the utility of traditional and Indigenous Knowledges in an increasingly complex world. It assembles chapter authors from across the world to tackle topics ranging from traditional knowledge-based innovations and commercialization traditional medicine systems as practiced around the world ethnoveterinary practices and food innovation to traditional governance and leadership systems among others. This book is an important resource for policymakers; scholars and researchers of cultural studies leadership governance ethnobotany anthropology plant genetic resources and technology innovation; and readers interested in the history of knowledge and culture as well as cultural activists and political scientists. Features:Unique combination of social science and anthropological aspects with natural science perspectivesIncludes summaries aimed at policymakers to immediately see what would be relevant to their workCombines case studies illuminating important lessons learned with reviews and primary dataMultidisciplinary in the scope of the topics tackled and assemblage of contributorsGlobal footprint with contributions from Africa Europe North America Asia and the West Indies　David R. Katerere Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tshwane University of Technology South AfricaWendy Applequist William L. Brown Center Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis MissouriOluwaseyi M. Aboyade Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tshwane University of Technology South Africa and Nutritica SA The Innovation Hub Pretoria South AfricaChamunorwa Togo The Innovation Hub Pretoria South Africa | Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge for the Modern Era A Natural and Applied Science Perspective