Calfano provides an examination of the pressures faced by Muslims often considered political and social outsiders in western nations especially in the United States. Identity is a complex concept especially when considering the role that group attachments play in affecting how one sees her/his role in the political environment of their country of residence. Perhaps the greatest tension in this regard is felt by those who are often considered outsiders in their home country despite significant ties to their nation. Though citizens and second generation residents in many cases American Muslims face a combination of suspicion government scrutiny and social segregation in the United States despite significant education and economic assimilation in America. The crux of the investigation advanced here centres on how group influence emotions and religious interpretation contribute to the political orientation and behaviour of a national sample of Muslims living in the American context. A compelling explanation as to how members of an ostracized political group marshal the motivation to push through suspicion to become fully engaged political actors this book has wide relevance and will be of interest to scholars researching Muslims and political participation across the fields of political science history sociology and religion. | Muslims Identity and American Politics