Beginning in the 1830s public and private higher education institutions established to serve African-Americans operated in Pennsylvania and Ohio the Border States and the states of the old Confederacy. Until recently the vast majority of people of African descent who received post-secondary education in the United States did so in historically black institutions. Spurred on by financial and accreditation issues litigation to assure compliance with court decisions equal higher education opportunity for all citizens and the role of race in admissions decisions interest in the role accomplishments and future of Historically Black Colleges and Universities has been renewed. This volume touches upon these issues. Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are a diverse group of 105 institutions. They vary in size from several hundred students to over 10 000. Prior to Brown v. Board of Education 90 percent of African-American postsecondary students were enrolled in HBCUs. Currently the 105 HBCUs account for 3 percent of the nation's educational institutions but they graduate about one-quarter of African-Americans receiving college degrees. The competition that HBCUs currently face in attracting and educating African-American and other students presents both challenges and opportunities. Despite the fact that numerous studies have found that HBCUs are more effective at retaining and graduating African-American students than predominately white colleges HBCUs have serious detractors. Perhaps because of the increasing pressures on state governments to assure that public HBCUs receive comparable funding and provide programs that will attract a broader student population several public HBCUs no longer serve primarily African-American students. There is reason to believe and it is the opinion of several contributors to this book that in the changing higher education environment HBCUs will not survive particularly those that are financially weak. The contributors to this volume provide cutting-edge data as well as solid social analysis of this major concern in black life-as well as American higher education as a whole.
Beginning in the 1830s public and private higher education institutions established to serve African-Americans operated in Pennsylvania and Ohio the Border States and the states of the old Confederacy. Until recently the vast majority of people of African descent who received post-secondary education in the United States did so in historically black institutions. Spurred on by financial and accreditation issues litigation to assure compliance with court decisions equal higher education opportunity for all citizens and the role of race in admissions decisions interest in the role accomplishments and future of Historically Black Colleges and Universities has been renewed. This volume touches upon these issues. Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are a diverse group of 105 institutions. They vary in size from several hundred students to over 10 000. Prior to Brown v. Board of Education 90 percent of African-American postsecondary students were enrolled in HBCUs. Currently the 105 HBCUs account for 3 percent of the nation's educational institutions but they graduate about one-quarter of African-Americans receiving college degrees. The competition that HBCUs currently face in attracting and educating African-American and other students presents both challenges and opportunities. Despite the fact that numerous studies have found that HBCUs are more effective at retaining and graduating African-American students than predominately white colleges HBCUs have serious detractors. Perhaps because of the increasing pressures on state governments to assure that public HBCUs receive comparable funding and provide programs that will attract a broader student population several public HBCUs no longer serve primarily African-American students. There is reason to believe and it is the opinion of several contributors to this book that in the changing higher education environment HBCUs will not survive particularly those that are financially weak. The contributors to this volume provide cutting-edge data as well as solid social analysis of this major concern in black life-as well as American higher education as a whole.
Sellers offer a range of delivery options, so you can choose the one thatâs most convenient for you. Many sellers offer free delivery. You can always find the postage cost and estimated delivery date in a sellerâs listing. You'll then be able to see a full list of delivery options during checkout. These can include: Express delivery, Standard delivery, Economy delivery, Click & Collect, Free local collection from seller.
Your options for returning an item vary depending on what you want to return, why you want to return it, and the seller's return policy. If the item is damaged or doesn't match the listing description, you can return it even if the seller's returns policy says they don't accept returns. If you've changed your mind and no longer want an item, you can still request a return, but the seller doesn't have to accept it. If the buyer changes their mind about a purchase and wants to return an item, they may need to pay return postage costs, depending on the seller's return policy. Sellers can provide a return postage address and additional return postage information for the buyer. Sellers pay for return postage if there's a problem with the item. For example, if the item doesn't match the listing description, is damaged or defective or is counterfeit. By law, customers in the European Union also have the right to cancel the purchase of an item within 14 days beginning from the day you receive, or a third party indicated by you (other than the carrier) receives, the last good ordered by you (if delivered separately). This applies to all products except for digital items (e.g. Digital Music) that are provided immediately to you with your acknowledgement, and other items such as video, DVD, audio, video games, Sex and Sensuality products and software products where the item has been unsealed.
Sellers have to offer a refund for certain items only if they are faulty, such as: Personalised items and custom-made items, Perishable items, Newspapers and magazines, Unwrapped CDs DVDs and computer software. If you used your PayPal balance or bank account to fund the original payment, the refunded money will go back to your PayPal account balance. If you used a credit or debit card to fund the original payment, the refunded money will go back to your card. The seller will effect the refund within three working days but it may take up to 30 days for Paypal to process the transfer. For payments funded partially by a card and partially by your balance/bank, the money taken from your card will go back to your card and the remainder will return to your PayPal balance.